This study was performed to the evaluation of herbicides application on weed interference and yield of wheat crop under irrigated condition and carried out in the Rabi season during 2022-23 at a research farm, College of Agriculture ,Gwalior RVSKVV. The experiment was designed as a Randomized Block Design with eight treatments and replicated thrice. Studied traits included plant height, no. of ear head, test weight, biological yield and seed yield, quality parameters and economics. Major weed flora in the experimental site, viz. Phalaris minor (L.) (20.16%) and Eleusine indica (L.) (26.19%) were predominant in in monocot weeds and dicot weeds chenopodium album (26.08%) and Medicago denticulate (25.30%) were dominant. The weedy, check plot had the higher density and dry weight of weeds. the herbicidal applications, Pyroxasulfone + Metsulfurone (Tank mix) EPoE @ 127.5 + 4g ha-1 significantly reduced the weeds density and dry weight, followed by Clodinafop propargyl+ Metribuzin Pre mix PoE @ 600g ha-1. Pyroxasulfone + Metsulfurone (Tank mix) EPoE @ 127.5 + 4g ha-1 resulted in maximum values of growth parameters, viz. Pyroxasulfone + Metsulfurone (Tank mix) EPoE @ 127.5 + 4g ha-1 resulted in higher values of plant height (91.03.3 cm), Length of ear head (cm) (9.39), earhead/m2 (432), grains/earhead (36.15) and test weight (41.05) and grain yield (6010 kg ha-1 ) followed by Clodinafoppropargyl + Metribuzin (Pre mix) PoE @ 600g ha-1. While maximum benefit cost ratio was found in Clodinafoppropargyl + Metribuzin (Pre mix) PoE @ 600g ha-1 (4.52) followed by Pyroxasulfone + Metsulfurone (Tank mix) EPoE @ 127.5 + 4g ha-1 (4.32).
Keywords: weeds, yield, economics, weed control efficiency, weed index and wheat

The trial was drawn with the aiming on study of weed dynamics and yield of mustard crop in gird zone by using of integrated weed management practices in Rabi season during 2021-2022 at agronomy research farm, college of agriculture, Gwalior, RVSKVV in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicate thrice on sandy clay loam soil. Studied traits included weed population species wise, total weed population, weed dry weight, weed control efficiency, weed index biological yield, seed yield, harvest index and net income and B:C. It could be concluded that from result the application of Pendimethalin 30 EC, 750 g a.i./ha PE + HW at 45DAS was registered in respect of suppress weed population, increasing weed control efficiency (94.41%); and was achieved yield (2027 kg/ha) 119% than weedy check. It was observed that the maximum net returns (Rs 81935 /ha) and B:C ratio (3.7) was recorded in treatment T3 (Pendimethalin 30 EC, 750 ga.i./ha PE + HW at 45DAS) followed by Pendimethalin 30 EC, 750 ga.i./ha PE fb Quizalofop ethyl 5 EC 50 ga.i./ha POE at 2 to 3 leaf stage(62893 and 3.2).
Keywords: Mustard, weed management, weed flora ,weed control efficiency , yield.

Phase feeding is a nutritional strategy in broiler production that involves adjusting dietary nutrient levels according to the age-specific requirements of birds. This approach has gained importance for commercial broiler production. The present review critically examined the results of many research studies of phase feeding on different parameters of broiler production. Most findings suggest that phase feeding did not affect body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass traits and weekly mortality. It also contributes to reduce fat deposition and production cost hence phase feeding proved profitable for broiler production.
Keywords: Broiler phase feeding, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, carcass trait, weekly mortality, fat deposition, production cost

Productivity of wheat in India is in quite low and owing to partial adoption of recommended technologies and inappropriate application of critical inputs. High-yielding wheat varieties JW 3211 and JW 3288 were assessed along with scientific package of practices to increase overall wheat production and productivity under careful scientific supervision. Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Katni conducted on farm trial between 2018-19 and 2019-20 (2 years) in order to assess wheat production and gather farmer input for future research and extension initiatives. The technologies validated 31.83 and 35.32 % additional yield over farmers practice. JW 3211 & JW 3288 were shown to be significantly higher in the corresponding years over the farmer’s practices of 25.05 q ha-1. The B. C. ratio of improved varieties JW 3211 & JW 3288 had 2.51 and 2.56, respectively compared to farmers’ practices (1.95). The extension gap in the improved varieties JW 3211 & JW 3288 were 11.55 q ha-1 and 13.67 q ha-1, respectively. With regards to the technology index the feasibility of demonstrated technology at farmer’s field. The observed technology index of the study was 14.50% and 9.94%. The improved varieties JW 3211 & JW 3288 with scientific package of practices leads to increase productivity of wheat as well as improving the livelihood of farmers.
Keywords: Extension Gap, Farmers, Improved Production Technologies, Technology Gap)

Paddy is major food crop in West Bengal and improving its production efficiency is essential for ensuring food security and enhancing farmer’s incomes. This study measures the technical efficiency of Kharif paddy production in West Bengal through a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), based on unit-level data extracted from the National Sample Survey Organisation 77th Round (Schedule 33.1). Based on a sample of 1864 paddy-farming households, Maximum Likelihood Estimation was employed to estimate and compare Cobb-Douglas and Trans-log frontier production functions. A Likelihood Ratio (LR) test confirmed that the Trans-log production model is statistically superior and provides a better fit to the data. The estimated variance parameter (?) was found to be 0.84, which is statistically significant at the 1% level, suggesting that all variation in Kharif paddy output from the frontier is attributable to farm-specific technical inefficiencies rather than random environmental shocks or statistical noise. The empirical results revealed a mean technical efficiency of 65.3% under the preferred Trans-log model, indicating that Kharif paddy production could potentially be increased by 34.7% if farmers operated on the maximum production frontier. Furthermore, district-wise technical efficiency estimates indicated that Birbhum had the highest technical efficiency score (78.7%), whereas South-24 Parganas had the lowest (46.1%). Moreover, an inefficiency effect model was used to examine the influence of various socio-economic factors, including age, gender, education, household size, farm size, credit access, crop insurance, irrigation ratio, and access to technical advice. However, factors like farm size, irrigation ratio, and access to technical advice significantly affected efficiency. This shows that when farmers have adequate resources and proper guidance, their overall production improves.
Keywords: Cobb-Douglas function, Likelihood ratio, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Stochastic Frontier Analysis, Technical Efficiency, Trans-log production function.