The present paper aims to conduct a comparative investigation of rock art sites, specifically Isko in the Barkagaon block of the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand. This research is being conducted to document this site by interpretive and ethnoarchaeological analysis to understand this region’s human cultural history better. The site gets its attention due to the tribal population’s emotional and cultural connection with rock art. As a result, many works are done exclusively from an ethnoarchaeological point of view rather than from an interpretative analysis of the symbols, patterns, pictographs, petroglyphs, and so on found on the site. Therefore, this research aims to shed light on the interpretative approach with a glimpse of the prehistoric people’s cognitive minds on their surrounding environment. Also, the authors tried to describe this rock art site’s structural position and the importance of its connection with the surrounding villagers of the Isko rock art site.

Keywords: Rock art, anthromorph, zoomorph, interpretation, pictograph, engravings, petroglyphs, symbols, ethnoarchaeology, geometric features.

The aim of this research, which is based on an empirical study, was to look into the causes of the domestication and exclusion of women working in Sri Lanka’s estate sector. The study examined the problem underlying the main causes of women becoming domesticated and how this eventually leads to their voices being silenced in both social and economic spheres. Using a sample of estate women in the Galle district of the Southern Province to collect data and analyse it using a mixed-methods research approach. As sample techniques, systematic random sampling and purposive sampling were used, and questionnaires and interviews served as data-gathering instruments. According to the report, voiceless estate women are unable to obtain a good education, which has led to poor literacy. They are also unable to contribute equally to the household income or stand up for their own decisions or the decisions of their children. They were imprisoned for ensuring their subsistence, carrying out home duties, and caring for children. Women who work in the estate sector are not owners or inheritors of any property. They face discrimination in society and are unable to acquire finance, go to school, make a living, or hold office in community organisations. The essay concludes with They are still awaiting an opportunity to speak out against domestication because of their domestication. The women in the estate sector understand and accept domestication as a necessity without any rejection because it is fundamentally established based on norms and culture.

Keywords: Domestication, Estate sector, Poverty, Tamil women, Voiceless

Safe motherhood should be a priority in every country, state, society, and community. By improving the health of mothers and children, the health of the family and community can be improved. The well-being of both child and mother determines the health of the next generation and can help predict future public challenges for families, communities, and the health care system. Maternal mortality and Infant mortality are major threats to the developing status of a country. The Present study intends to examine the factors affecting the utilization of maternal and child healthcare services in the village and to identify the barriers to utilization of the healthcare services in the village based on empirical evidence from the field. This paper focused on the perception and knowledge of the tribal people towards maternal and child health care services.

The study reveals that there is a need to focus on the education level, medical facilities, and more awareness among the tribal people of the village. There is a need to introduce more clinics and facilities for HIV tests and ultrasound. Women should be motivated for institutional delivery and regular checkups during their pregnancy period. Proper supplementary diets should be advised to all pregnant women.

Keywords: Tribal Women, Arunachal Pradesh, Pregnancy and Motherhood, Risk factor, Socio-economic, Health care services utilization.

This paper explores the capacity of Union Parishad (UP) personnel to prepare and implement development projects at the UP level in Bangladesh. At the UP level, different types of projects related to infrastructure, roads, drainage, health, education, and so on are undertaken and implemented. The projects are undertaken under ADP in line with the five-year plan of the UP. The projects are taken for the benefit of rural development that would contribute to national development ultimately. UP gets funds as development grants from the government and also from the local government strengthening projects to implement development projects at the rural level. Therefore, effective project preparation is vital to realize the objectives that would lead to proper benefits for the local people. For this, capacity is very important to prepare a good project. On the other hand, after preparing the project and its adoption, it needs implementation efficiently and successfully, bringing better benefits to its beneficiaries at the rural localities. Hence, the capacity of UP personnel is investigated and primarily revealed that they are not competent enough to prepare development projects professionally. Even they do not know the process of preparation for development projects. They depend very much on the officials of UP and the UP officials follow the in-built traditional format. It happens due to a lack of presence of academic as well as technically qualified UP personnel at the UP level in the country. On the other hand, there is a lack of capacity-building initiatives for UP personnel from the government side. The study followed a qualitative method within a mixed-approach framework. Different types of tools used for qualitative study were employed for data collection. Finally, the study suggests, among many others, that capacity-building training programs should be organized for UP personnel.

Keywords: Union Parishad, Capacity, Project, Bangladesh