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Cosmopolitan consciousness and cosmopolitan obligations remain at stake in contemporary times with the resurgence of exclusivist nationalism, nationalist pride, and patriotism. States formulate policies to secure their territorial sovereignty and integrity against both internal and external threats. Internal security policies are intended to protect the state from the entry of unregistered illegal migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers from outside, who arrive each year and place pressure on host countries to recognise and protect their human rights. States erect fences, establish boundaries, and patrol their borders to prohibit the influx of outsiders. They seek to deport illegal migrants and other undocumented inhabitants to their countries of origin. External protection is pursued through the implementation of policies that allow entry only to those who can obtain visas issued by host nations, often as part of regulated immigration or the granting of limited citizenship rights. Furthermore, intense competition in trade and commerce has fostered a protectionist attitude among states, further restricting the movement of labourers, executives, migrants, tourists, students, and others to host nations. The extent of such measures is evident when states impose complete bans on the entry of people from certain countries. In these contexts, we observe that cosmopolitan values, in general, and cosmopolitan citizenship, in particular, are undermined. The ethical, cultural, and political concerns of cosmopolitan ideals demand universal humanism, cultural pluralism, and political institutions that promote global democracy, even in situations of global instability, war, peace, prosperity, ecological sustainability, and the protection of universal human rights. This study emphasises the ontology of cosmopolitanism and underscores the urgency of reinvigorating it in the growing context of state protectionism.

Keywords: Cosmopolitan, Patriotism, Universal Humanism, Cultural Pluralism, Reinvigorating, State Protectionism.

Almost all civilisations as well as ancient texts have an ingrained thrust for environmental overtones which pertains to observing some norms and practising one’s conduct towards nature and its creations. They contain the earliest messages for preservation of the environment and ecological balance. Going by that understanding, there was a significance attached to the natural environment in ancient Indian tradition too. Preservation of biodiversity and maintenance of ecological balance have always been regarded with utmost importance as per the traditional way of life. This paper tries to interrogate the approach of traditional Indian culture and the Western approach towards environmental protection and ecological imbalance and further points out the need to amalgamate the two approaches for better results. The modern approach depends on awareness generation and enforcement of State laws and international treaties to protect the environment. Many a time, people do not comply. A more effective approach may be to combine this with community-driven protection that emanates from love and respect for nature, as existed in traditional practices.

Keywords: Nature Protection, Ecological Balance, Dhamma, Rock Edicts, Ashokan Edicts, Community, Preservation.

Climate change and environmental justice have attracted growing interest among researchers and academics over the past decades. This study employed a bibliometric analysis of 994 articles, authored by 3,307 individuals, on climate change and environmental justice published between 2001 and 2026. Data from the Scopus database were analysed using VOSviewer and the Biblioshiny package in RStudio. The study examined the most cited countries, the most relevant sources, and the co-occurrence network. The findings revealed that research in this field has grown steadily over the years. A multidisciplinary approach is essential for developing a more comprehensive understanding of this field.

Keywords: Climate Change, Environmental Justice, Co-occurrence network.

Since the prehistoric period, the symbiotic relationship between humans and forests has shaped the cultural identity of human populations. Forests have held a significant place in their survival as well as in the practice of their cultural life through hunting, gathering, shifting cultivation, and many other activities. Forests also play a central role in their spiritual values, which guide tribal belief systems. The present paper focuses on the Malhar tribe, a semi-nomadic tribal group residing in the Kalapat Reserved Forest Area of Keonjhar district, Odisha, and examines how they have lost their cultural identity in recent decades due to various factors, such as deforestation, legal restrictions, ecological changes, and the commercial exploitation of forest resources. The scarcity of forest resources faced by the Malhar tribe has led to the erosion of their indigenous knowledge, further exacerbating the challenges of maintaining their forest-based livelihoods. The present paper explores the cultural significance of forests for the Malhar tribe and examines the importance of preserving cultural practices to maintain both cultural identity and environmental sustainability in the region. Data were collected through extensive fieldwork among the Malhar tribe using methods such as participant observation, group discussions, and catchment analysis. The study also investigates the various tools and technologies used by the Malhar tribe, providing a clear understanding that the loss of forest resources is not merely an economic issue but also a cultural crisis.

Keywords: Cultural Identity, Forest, Semi-nomadic, Catchment Analysis.

According to Health WHO, “Health as a state of complete physical, mental and social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Non- Communicable Diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases, tend to be of long duration and are the result of a combination of genetic, physiological, environmental and behavioural factors. Non-Communicable diseases mainly include cardio vascular diseases, stroke, diabetes mellitus, cancer, chronic lung diseases etc. The tribes constitute around 8 per cent of the total population of the country, in Odisha, their share is 22.13 per cent. Primitive tribes are extremely backward and their socio-economic and cultural trait and have been retained due to their in accessible abodes situated in extremely difficult terrain.PTG are now called PVTGs. In India 75 and in Odisha 13 types PVTGs are present. Lodha primitive tribe is one of the ancient tribes in India. The non-Communicable disease presents in Lodha tribe basically due to their food habits. Non- Communicable diseases seen in study area are Diabetes, Hypertension, Night blindness, Fluorosis, Asthma etc.

Keywords: Lodha primitive tribe, Non- Communicable Diseases, Food habits,

Dialects and languages are the vehicles of culture. Over the years, India may have lost about 220 languages since 1961, and another 150 languages can disappear over the next 50 years. Most dying languages are from the indigenous tribal groups spread across the country. The causes of language extinction are many, and the impact of the death of a dialect and language is varied. The different processes of social change in the 20th and 21st centuries, like globalisation, modernisation, and urbanisation, are a few causes. The impact of the extinction of one’s own dialect and language also leads to loss of indigenous knowledge, folk music, folk tales, stories and the rich history of origin of that tribe. The young population of any community plays an intrinsic role in carrying the culture and language further. They are the agents of preservation and transmission of their culture. The present study is done among the Kondh students at Maa Manikeshwari University of Odisha. The paper aims to examine the knowledge, attitude towards, and use of Kui in the educational and social life of students belonging to the Kondh tribe in Maa Manikeshwari University, Kalahandi, Odisha. Data for the present study were collected from both primary and secondary sources. A semi-structured interview schedule was used for the collection of primary data from the samples. As the tribal community navigates between their mother tongue and state or national languages, do they actively retain or drift away from Kui?  his paper also asks the question of whether only educational policies are enough to ensure the development of an endangered language.

Keywords: Dying languages, Educational policies, Globalisation, Young population, Indigenous knowledge.

In the Koraput district of Odisha, turmeric cultivation is a crucial livelihood source for tribal communities, yet farmers, especially women, face persistent challenges such as distress sales, exploitation by middlemen, limited value addition, and exclusion from mainstream markets. This study examines the transformative interventions led by the Odisha Rural Development & Marketing Society (ORMAS), which mobilised tribal women into Producer Groups (PGs), provided targeted capacity-building and technical training in turmeric value addition, specifically turmeric powder and soap production and facilitated market linkages along with quality certification. The findings demonstrate  that these community-centric, participatory initiatives significantly increased income levels by enabling direct market access and collective bargaining power, reduced dependence on exploitative traders, and strengthened the social and economic empowerment of tribal women farmers. Importantly, the integration of indigenous knowledge with institutional support fostered sustainable entrepreneurial ventures that contribute to long-term rural development. This study offers a replicable model for inclusive, gender-sensitive livelihood promotion among marginalised rural communities, underscoring the critical role of local institutions and multi-stakeholder collaboration.

Keywords: Turmeric cultivation, tribal women, sustainable livelihoods, value addition, ORMAS, Koraput, Producer Groups, socio-economic empowerment.

Culture is an important element in the process of societal development, it helps stimulating unity, preserving heritage, strengthening social bond between different classes in society and create a classless society. By bridging generation and promoting communal harmony, Dhanuyatra of Bargarh explain how culture and tradition enrich the societies, inspires the future generation serving as a vibrant reminder of the enduring power of cultural heritage in shaping an inclusive society. The world largest open-air theatrical event celebrated based on Pouranic myth ‘Krushna Leela’ for 11 days. This yearly cultural event very is spectacular, which has its roots in ancient traditions, performs scenes from the Mahabharata with an emphasis on the epic account of Lord Krishna’s early life and his encounter with the despotic King Kansa. The study will explore how cultural tourism can be developed in Western Odisha through proper planning and promotion of Dahanu Jatra and the positive contribution that these events play in solidifying community relations with development of the cultural tourism. Festivals are considered to contribute significantly to the cultural and economic development wealth of the tourist’s destinations.

Keywords: Dhanujatra, Culture, Heritage, Indian Knowledge system.

India, renowned for its diverse cultural landscape and deep-rooted traditions, has experienced notable societal changes over the past decade and a half. Its social fabric is a complex mix of enduring customs and contemporary influences, shaped by ancient traditions, globalization, technological progress, and socio-economic reforms. Women have historically been central to shaping and preserving India’s societal structure, and their roles continue to evolve amidst these transformations. This study examines the multifaceted dimensions of Indian society and culture from 2008 to 2023, focusing on how women’s roles, challenges, and contributions have contributed to societal resilience and development. It highlights women’s navigation of traditional expectations, their embrace of new opportunities, and their impact on societal progress, illustrating the dynamic nature of India’s social fabric.

Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Society, Women’s Roles, Sustainability.

In the annals of development, large dams have held a dual role. Both praised and criticised for their roles in driving national advancement or displacement and dispossession, respectively. Sources cited include Nehru’s renowned ‘Temples of the New Age’ speech, Rangachari’s socio-economic evaluation, Klingensmith’s intellectual history, Khagram’s transnational analysis, Haines’s archival study of citizenship and development, and Vora’s account of India’s first anti-dam movement. The argument put forth is that the Bhakra-Nangal story goes well beyond a purely technical account of hydropower and irrigation. Global histories of anti-dam resistance, beginning with the 1920s’ Mulshi Satyagraha and continuing through the 1980s and 1990s’ Narmada Bachao Andolan, are further contextualised within the paper’s case study of Bhakra-Nangal and others. It comes to the conclusion that the human costs must be prioritised alongside the engineering achievements for any development account to be considered sufficient. Looking at the long-term history of major dams as development tools shows that they have gone from being promising to leaving a more problematic legacy of displacement, inequality, and disputed ideas of progress, rather than the former. While the Bhakra Nangal Dam was important to India’s early development goals, it shows that the benefits were not shared fairly and could not be sustained in the long run. For many, including the displaced and marginalised, new crises emerged as a result of the logic that presented dams as answers to food and energy crises. The potential of dams to alleviate the food crisis through increased irrigation and stable agricultural output was, on one level, their selling point. The result was a rise in agricultural economic disparities depending on geography and social status. Uneven patterns of growth resulted from certain areas enjoying agricultural wealth while others were left out. By creating areas of plenty and others of persistent poverty, the dam did not do away with scarcity so much as simply rearranged it.

Keywords: Dam, Mega Projects, Development, Displacement, Nationalism, Anti-Dam Movement, Postcolonial India, Citizenship, Nationalism, Anti-Development, Resettlement, Rehabilitation.

The Indian healthcare system has undergone a noticeable transformation, shifting from a traditionally trust-based model of care to a more market-driven and institutional framework. While the expansion of private and corporate healthcare has improved infrastructure, access, and specialisation, it has also raised concerns about the changing ethical foundations of medical practice. This paper examines how commercialisation has reshaped the doctor–patient relationship in India, particularly the transition from a fiduciary model grounded in trust and duty to a more transactional, service-oriented interaction.

Using a doctrinal and interdisciplinary approach, the study draws on legal frameworks, policy developments, and academic literature to analyse the ethical implications of this shift. It identifies key concerns, including erosion of trust, conflicts of interest in clinical decision- aking, inequality in access to healthcare, and the gradual dehumanisation of care within institutional settings. The paper also evaluates the role of regulatory mechanisms, such as consumer protection laws and professional ethics codes, while highlighting gaps in their enforcement. By briefly engaging with comparative perspectives, the study reflects on how other healthcare systems attempt to balance market efficiency with ethical responsibility. It concludes by emphasising the need for stronger ethical accountability, improved regulatory coherence, and greater integration of ethics within medical education, while recognising that maintaining the ethical core of healthcare remains essential in a changing system.

Keywords: Medical Ethics, Commercialisation, Doctor–Patient Relationship, Healthcare India, Bioethics, Health Policy.