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This study focused on Income Diversification Strategies and Financial Performance of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks are centered on three specific objectives: to determine the effect of loan income on financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria; to ascertain the effect of foreign exchange transaction income on financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria; to examine the effect of electronic banking transaction fees income on financial performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The study used secondary data collected from the corporate annual reports and accounts of the deposit money banks and the financial sector statistics component of the Central Bank of Nigeria annual statistical bulletin for various years. The study covered the period 2005-2023. The data were subjected to various estimation tests (graphical trend analysis, descriptive test, unit root test of stationarity, correlation test, panel pooled regression, panel fixed effect regression and panel random effect regression, Hausman test of model suitability, and Lagrange test of cross- ectional dependence) to determine the income diversification on banks’. The findings showed that loan interest income has significant and positive effect on the financial performance of the deposit money banks. The coefficient and p-value is [0.094415, 0.0000]; foreign exchange transaction income has significant and positive effect on the financial performance of the deposit money banks [coefficient is 0.101002, p-value 0.0073]; and electronic banking transaction income has significant and positive effect on the financial performance of the deposit money banks, the coefficient of the variable is [1.092108 whereas its p-value is [0.0000]. Based on the results, the study found that income diversification makes important contribution to the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. While its effect is associated with positive financial outcomes, the strength or quantum of such effect were also high. The study recommended among others that: deposit money should banks be more committed and proactive towards implementing interest generating loan/credit intermediary products by recognising and taking remedial steps in issues relating to loan interest income growth as it is better reflected in the financial performance measures. The banks should consolidate on their foreign exchange rate transaction fees which continue to generate wealth for shareholders and the long term performance of the firms.

Keywords: Credit Intermediary, Electronic Banking income, Financial Performance, Foreign Exchange Rate Transaction Fees, Loan Income.

The study examined the impact of Human Capital on firms’ performance in Nigeria considering Deposit Money Banks. The selected deposits money banks are United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc, First Bank Nigeria Plc, Wema Bank Plc, Zenith Bank Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc, First City Monument Bank Plc, Fidelity Bank Plc, Diamond Bank Plc, Eco Bank Plc and Access Bank Plc in Nigeria. The study adopted Ex-Post Facto research design since it relied on secondary data using panel data. The target population for this study is focused on the ten deposit money banks five years financial reports spanning over 2011-2015. In this study, a purposive sampling technique was used to select the deposits money banks from the financial service sector of the quoted companies of the Nigerian stock exchange as at September 2015. From the findings of the study, it is concluded that the inclusion of Human Capital as asset in the financial reports makes the reports more relevant for decision making compared to the conventional way of reporting. Thus, expenditures on human resource like those relating to training, education, welfare, recruitment, selection, contribution to pension fund, and subsistence allowance are better accounted for when they are capitalized rather than expensed. Therefore, it is a necessity to capitalize them. In recommendation; International Accounting Standard Board should consider human resources accounting as an inclusion of non-current asset.

Keywords: Human Resources Accounting, Human Capital, Intellectual Capital, Financial Reporting.

The shift in paradigm and interest of investors towards environmentally friendly firms has caught the attention of scholars and has since led to several researches to be conducted in the area to determine how well firms contribute to their environment. This paper examined how mechanisms of corporate governance improve the environmental disclosure of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria. The study adopts correlation as research design and extracted data from the annual reports of seven oil and gas firms selected to represent the population for the period of ten (10) years from 2015-2024. OLS regression was used to examine the relationship. Findings of the study indicated that board gender and institutional ownership impacts environmental disclosure significantly. It is recommended that more women should be given the opportunity to contribute to key decision making on the board of listed oil and gas firms in Nigeria because board composed of female directors was found to improve environmental disclosure. Also institutional ownership should be encouraged as it was evidenced that a proportional increase in this variable enhances environmental disclosure.

This study examined the effect of budgeting practices on corporate performance among listed manufacturing companies in Rivers State, Nigeria. Specifically, it investigated how budget participation, budgetary control, and budget planning influence two key dimensions of corporate performance: profitability and market value. The research was motivated by persistent concerns over inefficient budget implementation and declining performance levels in the Nigerian manufacturing sector. A survey research design was adopted, and structured questionnaires based on a 5-point Likert scale were distributed to financial managers, accountants, and budget officers in selected firms. A total of 86 valid responses were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. Findings revealed that all three budgeting practices significantly and positively affect corporate performance, with budget planning exhibiting the strongest predictive power. Budget participation and budgetary control were also found to be strong contributors to profitability and market value. The regression analysis confirmed that budgeting practices jointly explained a significant proportion of the variance in corporate performance metrics. The study concludes that participatory, well-controlled, and strategically aligned budgeting systems are essential tools for enhancing financial sustainability and market competitiveness in the manufacturing sector. It is recommended that firms institutionalize participatory budgeting frameworks, enforce rigorous budgetary controls, and adopt forward-looking planning practices that align with strategic goals. The study contributes to the empirical understanding of financial management in Nigerian manufacturing firms and offers practical insights for improving performance through enhanced budgeting processes.

Keywords: Budgeting practices, budget participation, budgetary control, budget planning, profitability, market value, corporate performance.

This study examined the effect of green accounting on the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Voluntary disclosure persists in the context of green accounting and reporting in Nigeria, with many firms not paying sufficient attention to the benefits of timely green reporting on their performance. Given this, the study aimed to determine the effect of environmental compliance costs on the Return on Assets (ROA) of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted, and data for green accounting and financial performance were collected from the financial statements and sustainable report of nine (9) oil and gas firms listed in the Nigerian Exchange (NGX) Group as of 2023 for ten (10) years (2014-2023). Financial performance was measured by ROA, while green accounting was measured by environmental compliance costs (ECC). The data collected were analyzed using Distributed Lag Model (DLM) regression to show the short- and long-term effects of environmental compliance costs (ECC) on ROA. The findings showed that environmental compliance costs have a short-term positive effect (Coeff. =0.10; t-stat = 1.02) and a long-term negative effect (Coeff. = -1.39; t-stat = -1.19) on ROA of oil and gas firms. In conclusion, environmental compliance costs have a mixed effect on the financial performance of oil and gas companies in Nigeria, as they have a positive effect in the short term and a negative effect in the long term. Recommendations include that oil and gas companies should implement green accounting initiatives that strictly adhere to environmental compliance to enhance their financial performance.

Keywords: Green Accounting, Environmental Compliance Cost, Return on Assets (ROA).

Fraud is a monster in any organisation globally and its methods and techniques are becoming more complex and sophisticated. The study investigates the contribution of fraud to the technological development of the accounting profession. The positivist stance was adopted, hence the use descriptive and explanatory survey design. The target population comprises chartered accountants in audit firms, forensic accountants, internal auditors, tax practitioners, and regulators. A purposive sampling technique was used and primary data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested using Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient and data collected are analysed using the descriptive and regression analyses. Findings unveiled that financial crime, cybercrime and tax fraud all significantly and positively contribute to the technological development of the accounting profession having posted probability values of 0.000, 0.000, and 0.003 respectively. The study concluded that, although fraud remains deeply a destructive monster, its has contributed positively and significantly to the technological development of the accounting profession. It then recommended that audit firms and professional bodies should invest in forensic data analytics platforms to strengthen fraud detection and improve audit quality; regulatory agencies should mandate accounting firms to implement advanced cybersecurity frameworks; the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) and professional tax practitioners should enhance automation in tax reporting and compliance systems; and a collaborative approach between auditors, tax authorities, forensic accountants, and regulators should be established to create a national accounting technology framework that addresses financial fraud, cybercrime, and tax fraud simultaneously.

Keywords: Fraud, technological development, accounting profession.