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This paper presents the key role of corporate governance on the performance of banks in Iraq. This study aims to examine the relationship between board characteristics, ownership structure, and bank performance by considering panel data of18 banks for period 2005-2021 in Iraq. This relationship is estimated by using the panel OLS and regression technique. The findings reveal there is a significant positiverelationship between board composition, family ownership, board size and bank performance. Additionally, findings show that female board of directors is one of the reasons to make down the bank performance in Iraq. Taken together, this study finding recommended to regulators, in particular for the current financial reform of corporate boards.

Keywords: Bank performance, corporate governance, Panel data, Agency theory

This work examined the extent to which Accounting practices affect theprofitability of Oil and Gas companies in Nigeria, particularly those in the upstream sector. The Researchers used Stratified Sampling Design approach. The target population comprised of Oil and Gas Companies in Nigeria. A total of 84 respondents were drawn from the population. Both primary and secondary data were used in the study. Primary Data were collected using questionnaires drawn using the Likert’s Scale with five points ranging from very great extent to no extent, while secondary data were sourced from already published materials. Hypotheses were formulated and data were analyzed using SPSS Software and other Descriptive statistical tools such as; percentages and tables. The result of the study showed that accounting practices had a significant relationship with performance of Oil and Gas Companies, particularly, the Return on Assets and Return on Capital Employed. It was recommended that proper and best accounting practices should be adopted by Oil and Gas companies to ensure better performance on one hand and fair, transparent and reliable financial reports on the other hand.

Keywords: Accounting practices, performance, oil and gas sector, Return on Assets, Return on Capital Employed

The study investigated the effect of non-performing loans on bank profitability in Nigeria. This study adopts among other techniques the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) test method. A multiple regression model was formulated to ascertain the relationship between the non-performing loan and banks profitability variables. Our findings establish that Non-performing Loan exhibited negative and insignificant relationship with Return on Capital Employed, and Performing Loan shows a positive and significant relationship with Return on Capital Employed. However, our result with negative coefficients for Non-performing Loan (NPL) indicates that if they are increased, can also decrease Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). The study therefore advocate that there should be a committed effort by regulation agents to reduce monitor loan access issues and utilization of borrowed fund through financial probe, with sanction implemented to save the future, also government should create an effective and favourable socio-political environment with facilities that will attract more investment into the country.

Keyword: Performing Loan, Non-performing Loan, Return on Capital Employed, bank profitability, Business environment.

With legislation around the world placing more emphasis on corporate governance and control procedures and with the increasing potential penalties on individual directors, the need for an objective and well-structured review and approval process is becoming greater and spells out the consequences for stakeholder value if this goal is not achieved. This paper makes the case for the supremacy of shareholder value added as the principal goal of corporate strategy. It also spells out a methodology for assessing risk and adjusting corporate strategy accordingly. This methodology is probabilistic rather than mathematical, hence the William Bruce Cameron quotation above.

Keywords: Shareholder value added. Corporate strategy Capital Asset Pricing Model. Market risk. Market share risk. Profit risk.Shareholder value risk.

This study examines the role of cost structure in working capital management for sugar manufacturing companies in India. The study uses fixed-effects panel regression models and the sample for the study included fifteen listed sugar manufacturing companies for the period 2008-18. The key results of the study were that employee expenditure has significant positive impact on the current ratio, the payables cycle, and the cash conversion cycle, and significant negative impact on the total assets turnover ratio and the fixed assets turnover ratio and that sales/administrative expenditure has significant positive impact on the total assets turnover ratio, the fixed assets turnover ratio, and the inventory turnover ratio, and significant negative impact on the inventory cycle and the cash conversion cycle. The results suggest that the cost structure variables of employee expenditure and selling/administrative expenditure may play a mediating role between firm-level variables and working capital variables, with direct and indirect effects; whereas the cost structure variables of raw materials expenditure and power/fuel expenditure may not play such a mediating role. These direct and indirect effects may be tested using structural equation methods in subsequent studies.

Keywords: working capital management, sugar manufacturing companies, working capital cycle, profitability.

An expenditure rule takes the form of a limit on real spending by the Government. It is a prerequisite to ensure stability of the economy. Such rules, generally, impose restriction on the budget deficits, if stipulated as a law even in disguise. The purpose is to ensure macro-economic stability by rendering negative externalities, if any, of pursuing an independent fiscal policy from that of a previous government. Such rules are in place, officially, in several advanced and emerging economies (Cordes et al, 2015). In this short study, the authors deploy an easily understandable model and set it against data for India, over the period 1992-93 to 2018-19 split up into three subperiods. These three sub periods roughly approximate the periods when a different political party was in government in New Delhi. The government at the beginning of the third period claims to have observed an expenditure rule in guise, with a view to keeping the ‘deficit’ at 3.5 percent or less. The empirical evidence, however, seems to be slightly in disagreement with the claim.

Foreign Direct Investment has over the years been a critical player in economic growth of mot countries across the globe. One of the key aspects that have defined the success of FDIs is the intra-company loans, which act as a source of affordable, effective and accessible funding to the FDI projects. In Kenya, FDIs have been instrument in economic growth and development, and one of the industries they have been centred on is the real estate development projects. However, very little is known empirically on how FDIs through intra-company loans have contributed to the success of the sector, hence the motivation of this paper. Descriptive research design was used while the target population was the real estate companies in Westlands, Nairobi County. There are forty-eighty registered real estate companies in this area. The units of observation were the directors, finance officers and investment managers from the forty-eight companies. This made a total of one hundred and forty-four respondents. Purposive sampling method was employed where the company directors, finance officers and investment managers were purposively picked. The data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques. The findings revealed that intra-company loans significantly and positively influenced the performance of real estate development projects in Westlands Sub-County. Government policy was also found to significantly moderate the relationship between intracompany loans and performance of the real estate development projects. The study concluded that through intracompany loans, the real estate development projects performed better. It is therefore recommended that the real estate development companies through their management embrace FDIs through intra-company loans so as to stir the performance of their development projects.

Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Intra-company Loans, Real Estate Development Projects

It is been said that India is an agricultural country. And an Indian banking industry plays a significant role in flourishing the Indian agricultural industry. The commendable contribution of the banking sector is one of the major reasons for the upliftment of agricultural industry as a whole. As per National Statistical Office, agricultural sector contributes 20.19% to the total economy of India. Reserve Bank of India has taken an initiative specifically to foster the growth of priority sector. Establishment of Regional Rural Banks is an outcome of those reforms taken place in the banking industry. Even the major players of the Public Sector Banks are indulged vigorously to support rural India. A researcher here has put in efforts to understand and analyze the contribution and role of Bank of India and Union Bank of India in this noble initiative of Government of India. Exponential Growth rate has been considered as a tool to check the intensity of financial contribution of both banks in the upliftment of rural India.

Keywords: Regional Rural Bank, Public Sector Banks, Exponential Growth Rate, Agriculture, Priority Sector

This study aimed to establish how procurement management practices impact on performance of oil and gas producing firms in Nigeria. Ex-post survey approach was adopted for the study with emphasis on the use of secondary data sourced from financial statement of selected companies. The result of the study showed that there exists positive but insignificant relationship between procurement management practices performance of oils and gas companies in Nigeria with a coefficient value of 6.45 and sig. value of 0.589 which is higher than 0.05 level of significance. In conclusion, the study supports that when organization invest adequately in acquisition of assets, the evidence of such investments is a growth in the returns in the form of increased profits to the organization. The study recommend that there is a need to integrate the whole system and departments of companies in oil and gas industry in Nigeria in the procurement management process in order to have a balanced activities in the goals and focus of the departments. Furthermore, top management are also required to always communicate the future plans about assets procurement to all subsystem managers and heads of department to maintain a high level of goal congruency in their operation and to reduce rivalries that emanates from departmental evaluations.

Keywords: Procurement, Procurement Management Practices, Asset Procurement, Return on Capital Employed.

The present study is undertaken to develop an indicator free simple intraday trading strategy based on price action which can be used by anyone for generating a decent amount of profits in the stock market. The study is analytical in nature. In order to fulfill the objectives of the study secondary data is collected from the trading view platform. For this purpose we have selected the option segment of the derivative market and Bank Nifty as the underlying instrument. Due to high volatility of Bank Nifty Index, it is exceptionally attractive to traders who are looking to generate a quick profit, as price jumps are more likely with this script. A time span of one month i.e from 1st of October, 2021 to 31st of October, 2021 is considered for the study. This study presents a simple price action based strategy for intraday trading in one of the most popular index of NSE known as Bank nifty and only one month period from 1-10-21 to 31-10-21 is considered for the study. The reason for choosing Bank Nifty index as an underlying instrument is its high volatile nature which is exceptionally preferred by intraday traders. The findings of the study reveals that the strategy developed can be used by anyone who is not having good knowledge of any technical indicators to make a decent amount of profit in the stock market. The major drawback of this study is that this strategy is effective in explaining when to enter into a trade but when to exit is not explained by this strategy.

Keywords: NSE, Bank Nifty, volatility, intraday trading, technical indicators, trading strategy