Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have long been recognized as crucial drivers of both job creation and broader economic growth in India. Despite their importance, many MSMEs still struggle to secure loans from formal financial institutions, which often hampers their ability to expand. In an effort to tackle this persistent issue, the Indian government introduced the Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana (PMMY) in 2015, aiming to extend collateral-free loans specifically to micro and small businesses. The present study evaluates the scheme’s progress over nearly a decade by analysing trends in credit distribution across different loan categories and examining the social and economic impact of PMMY from 2015-16 through 2024-25. By relying on secondary data and calculating compound annual growth rates (CAGR), the study finds a notable rise in the overall volume of PMMY loans. Additionally, there has been a gradual shift away from Shishu loans towards larger Kishore and Tarun loans, which suggests that MSMEs are accessing more substantial credit as they mature. The study also finds that PMMY has reached a significant number of women and members of marginalized communities, highlighting its role in advancing financial inclusion and nurturing entrepreneurship across diverse segments of Indian society.

Keywords: Financial Inclusion, PMMY, Socio-Economic Analysis

Learning orientation has emerged as a strategic organisational capability for micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), yet the literature remains fragmented with limited systematic understanding of its core dimensions and contextual influences. This study conducts a PRISMA-guided systematic literature review of 34 peer-reviewed articles from the Scopus database, covering the period from 2015 to 2025. Thematic synthesis of literature identifies eleven categories, spanning learning orientation as a direct performance driver, an innovation enabler, an entrepreneurial orientation mediator, an export capability, a sustainability-oriented construct and a resilience mechanism. Grounded in the Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capabilities Theory, the findings establish learning orientation as a multidimensional construct. Future research should prioritise longitudinal designs, underrepresented regional contexts and the intersection of learning orientation with digital transformation and green innovation in MSMEs.

Keywords: Learning Orientation, Micro Small and Medium Enterprises, SMEs, Competitive Advantage, Dynamic Capability.

Financial markets are erratic exhibiting periods of varying volatility. The study aims to analyse whether the forecasting accuracy of technical analysis varies during different market regimes. Methodology: The study used trend, volatility and momentum-based technical indicators. Markov Regime Switching model was used to identify high and low-volatility regimes. Machine-learning and deep-learning prediction models were employed to forecast the returns. Findings: The study ascertained that adding regime-based analysis to technical trading signals improves their predictive ability with superior performance in high-volatility markets. Short-term moving averages, RSI, MACD, STOCH and MFI were effective predictors during low-volatility while W%R and BB were better predictors during high-volatility. SVM outperforms other prediction models with directional accuracy of 59.24%. Originality: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is a novel approach that integrates a regime-based framework with technical indicators for forecasting stock returns. Implications: The study holds practical implications for portfolio managers and traders for implementing technical analysis-based investing strategies and offers policy implications for financial market regulators to improve market transparency.

Keywords: Technical analysis, Regime-switching, Stock market prediction, Machine learning, Deep learning.
JEL classification codes: G11, G17, C53.

International collaboration among the governments of various nations is secured to combat climate change. Climate talks will remain futile without the transfer of funds across nations. Therefore, developed countries have agreed to transfer climate-related aid to developing countries. The present study aims to map literature discussing determinants of such climate finance allocation from donor countries to the recipient nations. A systematic literature review approach has been adopted to map the literature. The study uses the Scopus database to review the present landscape of literature on determinants of climate finance flows. The systematic literature review highlights geographical coverage, temporal classification and tools and techniques used in the existing literature. Further, it has been found that there are several significant determinants relevant in determining flows of climate-related aid. Future research directions have also been highlighted in the study by identifying various research gaps. There is a dearth of literature in respect of understanding region-specific determinants of climate finance flows. Comparative case studies and deployment of qualitative research techniques could also be done in the future.

Keywords: Climate Finance, Determinants, Climate Change, Donor nations, Recipient nations.

The rise in greenhouse gas emissions alongside persistent neonatal mortality in Nigeria has generated concern about the environmental-health nexus. This study examined the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on neonatal mortality rate in Nigeria from 1981 to 2023. The study employed the Johansen cointegration technique, Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and Toda-Yamamoto causality test. Findings revealed that carbon dioxide emissions had a negative and significant effect on neonatal mortality in the long run, while methane and nitrous oxide emissions had positive and significant effects at the 5% level. Household consumption negatively and significantly affected neonatal mortality in the long run. In the short run, carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions had positive but insignificant effects, whereas household consumption had a negative and significant effect. The study concludes that greenhouse gas emissions have heterogeneous effects on neonatal mortality. It recommends cleaner energy transition, stronger healthcare services, and inclusive development to improve neonatal survival.

Keywords: Greenhouse Gas Emission, Neonatal mortality, Carbon Dioxide Emission, Methane Emission, Nigeria
JEL Classification: Q54, I15, Q53.