The modern business environment has witnessed an increase in misleading marketing practices such as green washing, where organizations inaccurately represent their products as eco-friendly, causing significant worries regarding consumer confidence and corporate responsibility. Practices that mislead consumers frequently involve presenting exaggerated or false claims regarding sustainability. This study examines the perception of green washing and its role in influencing buying intentions of young consumers in Chandigarh. The study checks the impact of key elements like environmental awareness, knowledge about green products, and sustainable initiatives taken by consumers on their buying practices. The study employs a questionnaire survey distributed to 106 respondents to gather primary data to analyse the extent to which green washing practices influence consumer awareness and their impact on purchasing behavior specifically in case of personal care products. The study employs regression analysis to check the relationship between perceived green washing and consumer purchase intentions. The study also examines the implications of misleading environmental marketing and delivering essential knowledge for businesses, policymakers, and consumers. It enhances the understanding of how transparency and authentic sustainability initiatives influence consumer decision-making regarding green washing in a market that is becoming more eco-aware.

Keywords: green washing, green purchase intention, consumer scepticism, green scepticism, personal care products.

Everyone sees, hears, and reads about idiotic actions every day. At the same time, we are all guilty for generating it, thinking about it, repeating over it in our minds, and expressing it out loud. Stupidity will always have the upper hand. If there are various types of intelligence, as psychologist argue, there must also be wide range of stupidity. This paper aims to understand why people describe some actions stupid, regardless of their cognitive capacity that control their economic-making impacting social economics, through an integrative study of articles, media blogs, and books on the theory and laws of stupidity. Also attempt has been made, to find out what people want to say when they call stupidity in social, collective, and political arenas, as well as whether stupidity has become more prevalent in the modern day. Relevant published documents and articles examined for the purpose through online search of open access documents. The paper’s composition is simple i.e. beginning with set of definitions given by the philosophical canon in recent centuries, briefly discussing the Dietrich Bonhoeffer’s theory of stupidity with five laws of stupidity as Carlo M Cipolla, and then discerning the ascending levels of stupidity in social collective and political spheres.

Keywords: Stupidity, idiotic actions, social, collective, political, arena.

The term “voting behavior” encompasses a broad range of activities related to the electoral process, including reviewing voting records, collecting voting data, and calculating electoral shift. As a subfield of political behavior, it is typically considered or regarded as such. There is a whole subfield within political science and political sociology devoted to the study of voting behavior. This branch of study is called “psephology”. Psephology or voting behaviour study’ occupies a principal position in the political analysis. Because voting gives useful information on the interplay between individuals, society, and politics, such studies have grown in popularity among social scientists in the field of study. Voter’s behaviour can be observed, studied and explained as they exercise their political rights during elections. Political scientists have long placed a premium on studying voter behavior in the hopes of providing light on the “how” and “why” of public decision-making. Because voters’ choices and preferences are subjective, their voting behavior is hard to decipher. Because myth, ideology, individual personality, the campaign process, local concerns, and other aspects are all part of the topic, experts in political science, political sociology, and psychology are needed to analyze voting behavior. The single most critical component of election outcomes is voter behavior. It deduces the voters’ level of political awareness and reason. No two people’s voting habits are the same. It vary not just from one location to another, but also from one individual to another. The major constraints that limit its diversity are cultural, political, and socioeconomic ones. In addition, differences in gender (Sex), caste, class, religion, and other related categories impact voting behavior. Voters can have a better understanding of the many mechanisms of election and voting via studies conducted from a political-psychological perspective. All of these things participation in decision-aking, exercising the franchise, voting, and selecting leaders are done to make voters happy. While exercising their right to vote, right-thinking citizens maintain a healthy sense of self-esteem. Choosing a public representative is, in any given sociopolitical context, essentially a process of weighing available alternatives. Here, voters have a variety of contenders from whom to choose. The process of voting entails the selection of a particular set of policies by the government, as well as the opportunity for citizens to engage in a two-way flow of information and ideas between candidates and elected officials, which can foster either support for or opposition to the current constitutional order. Furthermore, voting also bears personal emotional weight. Among political theorists who are interested in the empirical support and practical application of their theories, research on voting behavior has a unique position. As a field of political science, voting behavior is considered to be amenable to rigorous theoretical development, quantitative measurement, and testing. Second, no other
area of political science study has led to as many concrete findings as studies on voting behavior. Thirdly, we are at a very advanced level of theory development in the field of voting behavior research.

Keywords: Election, voting, rights, individual, democracy, politics, society, constitution, candidate, Ballot paper, EVM.

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have emerged as transformative tools in various sectors, notably agriculture, as evidenced in the Sagar District of Madhya Pradesh. This research systematically evaluates the impact of ICT adoption on the dissemination and adoption of agricultural technologies, emphasizing how these digital interventions can enhance productivity among local farmers. By leveraging ICTs, farmers gain timely access to crucial information regarding weather forecasts, market prices, and best agricultural practices, which significantly influences their decision-making processes. The integration of mobile applications, SMS services, and online platforms has facilitated a fluid exchange of information, enabling farmers to remain informed and competitive within the larger agricultural market (Singh BJ et al., 2023)(Allioui H et al., 2023) Hassan A et al., 2023). The findings indicate that the adoption of ICT tools leads to a notable increase in the uptake of innovative agricultural practices, thus transforming traditional farming methods and aligning them with modern technological advancements (Peladarinos N et al., 2023)(Charfeddine L et al., 2023). Moreover, the study highlights the role of governmental and non-governmental organizations in promoting ICT initiatives. These organizations have established various programs aimed at training farmers to effectively use ICT tools, thereby bridging the digital divide that often exists within rural communities (Musa AA et al., 2023)(Malik S et al., 2023). For instance, initiatives that focus on digital literacy empower farmers with the skills needed to utilize smartphones and other digital tools effectively, ultimately leading to the adoption of precision agriculture techniques (E M B M Karunathilake et al., 2023). Furthermore, the study reveals that local agricultural extension services have increasingly incorporated ICT solutions to enhance their outreach and education efforts,  thereby fostering a more informed agricultural community (Kwili A?ski et al., 2023)(N/A, 2023). By conducting surveys and interviews with local farmers, the research provides empirical evidence that ICTs do not simply serve as supplementary tools but have become integral to the agricultural innovation system in Sagar (Eshrat M E Alahi et al., 2023) (I Purnamawati GA et al., 2023). Farmers reported enhanced crop yields, improved pest management, and better resource allocation as direct outcomes of utilizing ICT resources (Deng X et al., 2023). These experiences underscore the importance of ICTs in facilitating knowledge transfer and collaborative networks among agricultural stakeholders, which are critical for driving innovation (N/A, 2022).Furthermore, the challenges associated with ICT adoption are also examined in the study. Issues such as limited internet connectivity, lack of technical support, and digital literacy gaps can hinder the effective provisioning and uptake of agricultural technologies (Alahmad T et al., 2023)(Senapaty MK et al., 2023). Understanding these barriers is essential for developing targeted interventions that promote broader ICT integration in agriculture, as these challenges often disproportionately affect marginalized farming communities (AlZubi AA et al., 2023) (N P Hariram et al., 2023). A significant aspect of the impact study is the emphasis on sustainable practices among farmers who have adopted ICT tools. With access to real-time data and analytics, farmers are more equipped to make informed decisions about resource use, which contributes to environmental sustainability (N/A, 2023). Additionally, by adopting ICT-driven practices, farmers can better manage their inputs and outputs, ultimately leading to enhanced profitability (Mair G et al., 2023)(Farghali M et al., 2023). The insights generated from this research illustrate the potential of leveraging ICTs not only to augment agricultural productivity but also to build resilience within agricultural systems in the Sagar District (Darra N et al., 2023) (Byamukama W et al., 2023). Overall, the study advocates for continuous investment and policy support in ICT infrastructure as a means to foster innovation and advancement in agricultural practices. This multifaceted approach will ensure that farmers are adequately equipped to navigate the complexities of modern agriculture while embracing the benefits of technological integration (Awuku BO et al., 2024)(Adaku et al., 2025)(Awuku BO et al., 2024). In conclusion, establishing robust ICT frameworks is vital to the growth and sustainability of the agricultural sector in Sagar, enhanced by ongoing collaboration among government, private sector stakeholders, and the farming community itself (Dlamini et al., 2025)(Patidar et al., 2023)(Manosso et al., 2024)(Chang et al., 2023).

Keywords: (ICT in Agriculture, Digital Farming,Agricultural Innovation,Rural Development, Precision Agriculture)

The present study review the key initiatives under Atmanirbhar Bharat targeted at MSMEs and assess the impact of these initiatives on financing, employment, and competitiveness. An attempt has been also made to identify challenges and opportunities faced by MSMEs in availing the benefits. Through a comparative policy analysis and a review of secondary data from government reports, industry surveys, and individual studies, the research evaluates the extent to which these measures have addressed pre-existing challenges while opening new pathways for sustainable growth. Findings of the study suggest that while the Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan has provided short-term relief and boosted credit access, long-term sustainability will depend on structural reforms in technology adoption, global competitiveness and ease of doing business. The study concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen MSMEs as key drivers of India’s journey towards inclusive growth and economic self-reliance.

Keywords: Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan, MSMEs, economic growth, challenges and opportunities.