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Organic farming is gaining popularity as sustainable means of cultivation. Farming practices used in this method are environmentally friendly and have greater health benefits compared to the inorganic farming. Farmers in India are shifting to this method of cultivation and exporting their produce since the demand for organic products is high in several developed countries of the world. India is exporting organic products to the U.S.A, European Union, Canada and other countries. The present study is an attempt to analyze the growth rate of organic exports and their destinations. The composition and the growth rate of major organic products exported from India have also been analyzed. The analyses of the study are based on secondary data mainly collected from APEDA and FiBL. To analyze growth trend of organic exports CAGR and percent change has been also calculated to reflect changing dynamics of exports from India. The study revealed that the growth rate of organic products exports has been 23.12 percent from 2012-13 to 2019-20. Category wise CAGR of exports of processed food has been 60.80 percent that is the highest among all selected organic products. The U.S.A is the top destination of Indian organic exports in the year of 2019-20.

Keywords: Agriculture sector, economic growth, organic products, growth and composition of exports

JEL Codes: F10, O13, Q10, Q17

The study investigated the effect of economic governance on socio economic development of Nigeria for the period 2005-2019. Economic governance was proxied by effective governance index, corruption control index, quality budgetary and financial management index and public administration index. The dependent variable, socio economic development was measured by GDP growth rate. Four objectives were developed to pilot the study. Data were generated from secondary sources from the World Bank data base. Analysis was carried out using E-views 10 and the statistical tools used were: Augmented Dickey Fuller Unit root test, Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Results of the unit root test showed that some of the data used were stationary at levels while some were stationary at first order of integration. The ARDL regression model revealed that economic governance indices proxied by effective governance index, corruption control index, quality budgetary and financial management index; and public administration index did not significantly impact on GDP growth rate to effect socio economic development in Nigeria for the period under study. The study recommends that Good economic governance which will translate to improved formulation and implementation of sound micro and macroeconomic policies is vital for socio economic development.

Keywords: Economic Governance, Financial Management, GDP growth rate, Corruption control, Socio-economic development.

The current study aims to uncover the important economic factors that affect how quickly countries with various income levels grow. To examine the causal and cointegration relationship, the following variables are taken: Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Gross Domestic Savings (GDS), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Government External Debt (ED), Personal Remittances (PR), Government Final Consumption Expenditure (GFCE), Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE), Net Official Development Aid (NODA), and Consumer Price Index (CPI). The results are obtained using the ARDL Bounds Test, Engle-Granger Causality Tests, and Error Correction Models (ECM). The findings provide substantial evidence in favor of the traditional theories of economic growth, which contend that domestic savings account for a large portion of an economy's growth rate. Results from all economic classes show that saving propels the economy except in the least-developed countries, where external debt drives the economies.

Keywords: domestic savings, foreign direct investment, economic growth, external debt

Odisha is blessed with an abundance of natural resources, including minerals, forests, marine life, and water. Odisha, One of the top producers of valuable minerals such as chromites, nickel ore, coal, bauxite, iron ore, and manganese in India. In addition, to facilitating a means of subsistence for the state's expanding tribal population, around 30 per cent of its land is covered with forests, which also serve as key rivers' water catchment areas, home to rich mineral deposits and biodiversity hotspots. This article aims to analyse the current growth of several extractive industry characteristics as well as the adverse effect caused by mining. Although this sector plays crucial role in economic prosperity, mean while the sector also contributes a significant proportion of various adverse effect largely on environment and livelihood. The article is based on secondary data that was taken from a variety of government papers, records, and prior pieces of works. To analyse the data and support the argument, the annual average growth rate and simple percentage share were employed. The study's findings show that mining output and value have increased over time. In Odisha, the GSVA (gross state value added) of the mining industry has hardly grown and continues to trail behind that of the manufacturing sector. Additionally, it appears that the state's government exchequer has benefited greatly from the mining sector's strong performance (in terms of output, value, and income) and from its extensive use of mining operations. The employment numbers, however, are not substantial when compared to output, indicating that the locals in the mining region have not seen a considerable rise in income. In mining-prone areas, the effects of mining such as biodiversity loss, deforestation, loss of traditional livelihood and relocation, and land acquisition are more pronounced.

Keywords: mining, employment, destruction, Odisha, growth

The effect of the variables of Economic Growth, Minimum Wage, and Human Development Index on the Unemployment Rate in India in the short and long term has been studied using quantitative techniques and secondary data during the post-reform period 1990-2021. The study was conducted with unemployment as the dependent variable, while economic growth, minimum wage, and Human Development Index were considered as the independent variables. The Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was used for analytical purposes. The results showed that economic growth had a positive and significant impact on the unemployment rate in the short and long term. The minimum wage variable and the human development index variable in the short and long term respectively have a negative and insignificant impact. Moreover, this study provides good and appropriate information for the government to be able to reduce the problem of unemployment in India by using an economic and social approach.

Keywords: unemployment rate, economic growth; minimum wage; human development index; vector error correction model.

JEL Classification: C22; C32; J64.